The nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing a major cardiac procedure. The patient tells you her heart is racing and she feels nauseated. You know this is part of hormone response known as:
a. sense of coherence.
b. stress appraisal.
c. fight or flight.
d. sympathoadrenal response.
ANS: C
In the "fight or flight" response, the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These hormones increase the heart rate, resulting in increased cardiac output, and the motility of the digestive tract is decreased, slowing digestive processes that could result in abdominal distress. Sense of coherence (SOC) is a characteristic of personality that references one's perception of the world as comprehensible, meaningful, and manageable. Stress appraisal is the automatic, often unconscious, assessment of a demand or stressor. The sympathoadrenal response is a consequence of hypothalamic activation in sympathetic stimulation, which triggers epinephrine and norepinephrine release from the adrenal medulla.
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