What is the APA’s Ethics Code Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity? Use an example to explain how this principle improves the quality of a researcher’s results.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Varies.
This ethical principle prioritizes the dignity and worth of all people and emphasizes the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination. Certain populations are vulnerable, with limited ability to make decisions (e.g., children, prisoners). All populations require respect for their differences, be those based on any characteristic (culture, age, gender identity, race, etc.). Examples will differ. Students should convey that adherence to this principle helps researchers achieve valid results by reducing the effect of researchers’ biases and/or helps researchers make research benefits equitable to all people, and/or helps researchers protect subjects and/or maintain professional integrity.
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Suppose that you are listening to your professor's description of the layout of several buildings in a city. If the discussion of mental maps can be applied to your representation of this city, it is most likely that
a. you will store this information in a passive fashion, without creating a cognitive map. b. your cognitive map will represent the distances as being larger than they really are. c. you will construct a cognitive map to represent the arrangement of buildings. d. your cognitive map will be highly inaccurate.
A researcher designs a study to determine whether female preschoolers prefer sweetened or unsweetened cereal. The researcher uses a box of sweetened colorful cereal and a box of unsweetened tan colored cereal. The research finds that the group of
preschoolers ate more of the sweetened colorful cereal and therefore prefers the sweetened cereal. Which two variables are confounded in this experiment? a. color of the cereal and children's gender b. color of the cereal and sweetness of the cereal c. sweetness of the cereal and amount of eating d. children's gender and amount of eating
Reading and writing a. must be specifically taught, whereas spoken language is learned through simple exposure
b. is learned through simple exposure, whereas spoken language must be specifically taught to children. c. cannot be localized in the human brain, although spoken language can be localized. d. use the same areas of the brain as spoken language, so cannot be separately localized.
Learning to make a reflex respond to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called _____
a) classical conditioning. b) operant conditioning. c) memory linkage. d) adaptation.