A researcher decides to study cognitive changes in children by tracking a group of 3-year-olds until they reach the age of 18. This researcher is conducting a ________ study
a) longitudinal
b) correlational
c) cross-sectional
d) lifespan
ANS: A, Longitudinal studies gather data from the same participants over an extended period of time.
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In 2005, 5,245 babies died of SIDS
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Which of the following is a main disadvantage of the cross-sectional design?
a) It does not assess changes over time in one person or group of people. b) It is relatively expensive. c) It takes a longer amount of time than a longitudinal study. d) Participants may drop out due to moving, loss of interest, or death.
The number of people in the United States who smoke has been declining for several years; however, the rate of decline has not been equal across demographic groups. Which of these individuals was most likely to be a smoker in the year 2000?
a) Juan, who is 56 and works as a civil engineer b) Debra, who is 17 and dropped out of high school c) Barbara, who is 65 and has been a nurse for 40 years d) Dan, who has a PhD in psychology and is 32 years old
Studies employing neurophysiological responses to measure temperament have found all of the following except
a. there are few differences between extremely shy and extremely bold children in heart rate reactivity to unfamiliar people and events b. inconsistent correlations exist between infants' temperament classification and levels of the stress hormone cortisol c. high reactive infants appear to be genetically predisposed to have a lower threshold for activation of the sympathetic nervous system d. compared to uninhibited children, inhibited children show greater pupilary dilation and larger changes in blood pressure in response to novel stimuli