How do psychologists use if-then contingencies as a way of describing someone's personality?
a. The "if" portion describes a situation or context, while the "then" portion describes the behavior or traits.
b. The "if" portion describes an internal thought process, while the "then" portion describes a behavior.
c. The "if" portion describes a behavior, while the "then" portion describes a personality trait or characteristic
d. The "if" portion describes a personality characteristic, while the "then" portion describes the behavior shown
Answer: a. The "if" portion describes a situation or context, while the "then" portion describes the behavior or traits.
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With regard to the prevalence of mood disorders, it has been consistently found that
A. females experience major depressive disorders less frequently than males. B. men have twice as many mood disorders as women. C. bipolar disorder rarely has an onset age greater than 40. D. dysthymia occurs equally across gender.
Which of the following 22-year-olds is the most likely to experience emerging adulthood?
A) Pramada, a middle-SES female in India B) Percy, a high-SES male in the United Kingdom C) Huan, a low-SES female in China D) Albert, a high school dropout in the United States
Which of the following explains the word "syntax"?
A. The reception and perception of speech sounds by the listener B. The congruity of sound units with one another and with the whole C. The rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech D. The rules for arranging words and symbols in sentences
Ten-year-old Justin finds it difficult to solve a simple mathematical problem on his own. When his mother helps him solve the problem, he understands the method and finds it easy. This fills the gap between what he can do alone and what he can do with help. In the context of Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which of the following concepts is exemplified in this scenario?
A. classical conditioning B. zone of proximal development C. authoritative parenting D. analysis of free associations