What receptors are known to cause an increase in ventilation when the patient's limbs are moved or cold water is splashed on the patient's face?
a. Irritant receptors
b. J receptors
c. Muscle spindles
d. Peripheral proprioceptors
ANS: D
Proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints, as well as pain receptors in muscles and skin, send stimulatory signals to the medullary respiratory center. Such stimuli increase medullary inspirato-ry activity and cause hyperpnea. For this reason, moving the limbs, slapping or splashing cold water on the skin, and other painful stimuli stimulate ventilation in patients with respiratory de-pression.
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