An individual usually expresses ________ structurally distinct allele(s) that encode class I MHC proteins
A) one
B) two
C) four
D) six
Answer: D
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How do phototrophic microorganisms benefit when associating with corals?
A) Calcium and carbonate ions are released, which help buffer the pH and prevent dramatic pH shifts. B) The coral skeleton is used as a source of bicarbonate for the autotrophic growth of the phototrophs. C) The coral skeleton is an extremely efficient light-gathering structure that greatly enhances light harvesting for photosynthesis. D) The water's temperature in and around the coral skeleton is much warmer.
Cells that are making large quantities of proteins will have numerous
a. centrioles. b. chromosomes. c. cilia. d. plastids. e. ribosomes.
Many cells of the immune system have receptors that detect peptidoglycans and lipopolysaccharides. How do pathogenic bacteria avoid detection?
A. Pathogens often encase themselves in a gelatinous capsule. B. Peptidoglycans are absent from pathogenic bacteria. C. Disease is only possible if the immune system has been compromised by some other event. D. Pathogenic bacteria lack cell walls.
In a PET scan, a patient is injected with radioactively labeled glucose. Cells take up the radioactive glucose and the scanner detects levels of radioactivity in various parts of the body. This is a measure of the amount of glucose uptake. Cancer cells are often in an environment with low oxygen concentration and they take in high amounts of glucose. Why would a low oxygen environment lead to high glucose uptake?
A. They rely more on glycolysis which is less efficient than oxidative phosphorylation. B. Enzymes function more efficiently in the absence of oxygen. C. They rely more on oxidative phosphorylation which is less efficient than glycolysis. D. Because they require more oxygen to metabolize glucose. E. More energy is produced from glucose in hypoxic conditions.