What are reasons that most long-term care residents go to sleep early and awaken early? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increased blood pressure
b. Drop in core temperature
c. Diminished food intake
d. Diminished hormone production
e. Decreased exposure to light
ANS: B, E
Decrease in body temperature and diminished light exposure cause circadian changes, which result in going to bed early and rising early.
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Tumor necrosis factors (TNF) participate in the inflammatory response of the human body. What do they cause in the inflammatory response?
A) Enhancing macrophage activity B) Tumor regression C) Binding of target cells D) Delaying or stopping macrophage migration
The home care nurse assists a client with impaired fine-motor skills. Which should the nurse implement to benefit the client?
a. Large-print medication labels b. An easily opened medication organizer c. A telephone with a vibrating ringer d. A color-coded medication schedule
The nurse is addressing an ethical issue. In which order should the nurse implement the steps of this decision-making process?
1. Interviewing the client regarding details of the problem 2. Discussing the various results of the identified possible actions to resolve the problem 3. Determining what, if any, ethical issues exist 4. Determining whether affected parties are in ethical conflict 5. Assessing all involved parties concerning their ethical beliefs regarding the problem
The nurse in a pediatric healthcare clinic measures the head and chest circumference of clients during well visits. Which of the following is a normal head-to-chest ratio for children?
A) The newborn's chest is larger than the head. B) The chest and head are about equal for ages 1 to 2 years. C) By age 10, a child's chest is about 2 to 3 inches larger than the head D) By age 5, a child's head is about 2 to 3 inches larger than the chest.