A 30-year-old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are actions of insulin?
Select all that apply.
A)
Increasing the metabolic needs of body cells
B)
Promoting the breakdown of stored triglycerides
C)
Facilitating triglyceride synthesis from glucose in fat cells
D)
Inhibiting protein breakdown
E)
Promoting glucose uptake by target cells
Ans:
C, D, E
Feedback:
The actions of insulin are threefold: (1) it promotes glucose uptake by target cells and provides for glucose storage as glycogen; (2) it prevents fat and glycogen breakdown; and (3) it inhibits gluconeogenesis and increases protein synthesis. Insulin acts to promote fat storage by increasing the transport of glucose into fat cells. It also facilitates triglyceride synthesis from glucose in fat cells and inhibits the intracellular breakdown of stored triglycerides. Insulin also inhibits protein breakdown. It does not directly influence the metabolic needs of body cells.
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