What are exemplars and how are they used?
What will be an ideal response?
Some psychologists suggest that instead of using a single abstract prototype for categorizing a concept, we use multiple, specific exemplars. Exemplars are typical representatives of a category. For example, in considering birds, we might think of the prototypical songbird, which is small, flies, builds nests, sings, and so on. We also might think of exemplars for birds of prey, for large flightless birds, for medium-size waterfowl, and so on. So although a prototype is an averaged representation of all the objects in a category, an exemplar is not necessarily averaged over all objects. Instead, there can be exemplars for different subtypes of objects within a category, like birds of prey and flightless birds. A penguin or ostrich can be a good exemplar within the category of birds (they exemplify the group of flightless birds), but they are not prototypical exemplars because those birds cannot fly. Some investigators use this approach to explain how categories are both formed and used in speeded classification situations. In particular, categories are set up by creating a rule and then by storing examples as exemplars. Objects are then compared to the exemplars to decide whether or not they belong in the category the exemplars represent.
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