The clinic nurse is caring for a patient who has just been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient asks the nurse what COPD means. What would be the nurse's best response?
A) "It is an umbrella term for diseases like acute bronchitis."
B) "It means that the lungs have been damaged in such a way that there airflow is limited in and out of the lungs."
C) "It means your lungs can't expand and contract like they are supposed to, which makes it hard for you to breathe."
D) "It is a term that covers so many lung diseases I can't list them all."
B
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The obstruction of asthma, emphysema, and COPD can be related to inflammation that results in narrowing of the interior of the airway and to muscular constriction that results in narrowing of the conducting tube. With chronic inflammation, muscular and cilial action is lost, and complications related to the loss of these protective processes can occur, such as infections, pneumonia, and movement of inhaled substances deep into the respiratory system. In severe COPD, air is trapped in the lower respiratory tract, the alveoli degenerate and fuse together, and the exchange of gases is greatly impaired. Options A, C, and D are not incorrect, but option B is the best response.
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