Explain the "dawn phenomenon."
What will be an ideal response?
The dawn phenomenon results from the effect of hormones involved in controlling circadian rhythms. Cortisol and the growth hormone stimulate gluconeogenesis. This causes hyperglycemia between 5:00 A.M. and 9:00 A.M. ("dawn"). Examination of blood glucose records for individuals who have high glucose levels at awakening may identify this event. It will need to be distinguished from another condition, referred to as rebound effect. This refers to an elevation in blood glucose as a reaction to previous low blood glucose levels during the night. To correct these events, bedtime snacks or insulin regimens will be adjusted. These conditions may occur in either T1DM or T2DM.
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List the factors that are important for working with a diabetic patient when determining his or her needs, tailoring a diabetes management plan, planning patient education and counseling, and monitoring progress over time.
What will be an ideal response?
In mammalian DNA, approximately what percentage of cytosines are methylated?
A. 19% B. 2–5% C. 6–8% D. 10% E. 12–15%
Discuss the nutrition-related effects of radiation treatment to the head and neck
Which factor is associated with lower HDL levels?
a. Being a non-smoker, as opposed to a smoker b. Losing weight c. Being male, as opposed to being female d. Consuming fish rather than red meat e. Engaging in moderate alcohol consumption