A 72-year-old man's diagnostic testing and physical examination have resulted in a diagnosis of COPD. Which symptomatology is unexpected and will require follow-up? (Select all that apply.)
A) Hemoptysis and orthostatic hypotension
B) Chest pain and shortness of breath
C) Cough and dyspnea
D) Apneic spells and fatigue
E) Wheezing and clubbing
Ans: C, D
The most common manifestations of COPD are cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and increased sputum production. Hemoptysis and orthostatic hypotension are unexpected and require follow-up, as do apneic spells and fatigue. Chest pain and shortness of breath signal cardiac dysfunction and require immediate attention.
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