The number of strikes in the U.S. has been steadily declining since around 1975. What factors are likely to explain this decline? (10 minutes)
What will be an ideal response?
Before the 1980's, strikes typically followed the business cycle. Since that time, however, strike activity has consistently declined and is no longer tied to the business cycle. There are several possible explanations, not mutually exclusive, for this trend. First, it is possible that over time employers and workers have learned that strikes are very costly for all involved and are not rational on a cost-benefit basis. Second, it is possible that more employers are engaged in union substitution practices that increase voice in the workplace and therefore decrease the need for strikes. Third, from a standard economic perspective, strikes occur because information is lacking or asymmetric. It's possible that employers and unions have better information in negotiations today than they did before and they are, therefore, better equipped to reach a settlement. For example, they may have access to more information on the economy, other contract settlements, and each other's strategic objectives. Finally, the decline may result from the increased acceptability of using strike replacements that started in the 1980s which has discouraged workers from using the strike weapon for fear of losing their jobs.
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