A physical relationship where an organism hosts more than one symbiont is known as a
A. consortium.
B. clade.
C. cojoining.
D. partnership.
Answer: A
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The free energy from the redox reactions in the electron transport chain drives proton pumps that create a hydrogen ion concentration and electrical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. If these ions cannot readily diffuse, how do they pass back through the inner mitochondrial membrane?
a. Aquaporins in the membrane release the hydrogen ions back into the mitochondrial matrix. b. The complexes of the electron transport chain reverse direction in response the gradient pressures. c. They return through an integral membrane protein called ATP synthase which utilizes the potential energy of the gradient to make ATP. d. They are shuttled back across the membrane by molecular shuttles such as NADH and FADH2.
HeLa cells have been used in research to
a. identify viral strains. b. investigate cancer. c. study the effects of radiation on cells. d. develop tissue culture techniques that produced a polio vaccine. e. all of these.
The letter "A" from the above figure represents
a. ectoderm. b. endoderm. c. mesoderm. d. neural plate. e. yolk
the breakdown of glucose to two pyruvates. Series of anaerobic enzymatic reactions that occur in the cytoplasm.
What will be an ideal response?