Which factors in a health history place a patient at risk for hearing loss? Select all that apply
a. Being an older adult
b. Childhood chickenpox
c. Frequent otitis media
d. Diabetes mellitus
e. Congenital rubella
A, C, E
Having had frequent ear infections (otitis media) places a patient at risk for hearing loss because of scarring that may have occurred. Older adults experience a generalized decrease in the number of nerve conduction fibers and structural changes in the ear, which cause hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness, eye abnormalities, and congenital heart disease are the classic triad that occurs with congenital rubella. Chickenpox and diabetes mellitus do not place the patient at risk for hearing loss.
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Madeleine Leininger identifies the concept of care as the essence and unifying domain that sets nursing apart from other health care disciplines. Which of the following is true in her view?
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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