How would you determine whether an isolated vertebra of a mammal came from the thoracic region or the lumbar region?
What will be an ideal response?
The zygapophyses of the lumbar vertebrae of most mammals permit vertical flexing, but they allow very little lateral movement; that is, they interlock closely and allow the vertebral column to bend along the dorsoventral axis but not to twist from side to side. The zygapophyses in the thoracic region do not mesh so tightly, and as a result they allow some side-to-side movement. (You can test this explanation for yourself by bending and twisting, and the differences in the structure of the zygapophyses are easy to see in photographs.)
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Match the following:
A) Type I cells B) Type II cells C) Respiratory bronchioles D) Alveolar duct E) Segmental bronchi 1) No exchange of gases occurs here. 2) Secrete a fluid containing surfactant. 3) Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins. 4) Composed of simple squamous epithelium. 5) Terminates in alveoli. 6) Composed of cuboidal cells. 7) The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and ________.
The composition of glomerular filtrate differs from that of plasma by including
A) the same substances as plasma except for larger protein molecules. B) many different substances that are absent from plasma. C) much more uric acid and creatinine than plasma. D) less water and electrolytes than does plasma.
Define compliance and resistance
A) Compliance is the ease with which the lungs expand and recoil. Resistance is an indication of how much force is required to inflate or deflate the lungs. B) Compliance is the ease with which the breathing muscles and rib cage expand and recoil. Resistance is the limitation of expansion placed on the lungs by the size of the rib cage. C) Compliance is an indication of how much force is required to inflate or deflate the lungs.Resistance is the ease with which the lungs expand and recoil. D) Compliance is the limitation of expansion placed on the lungs by the size of the rib cage.Resistance is the ease with which the breathing muscles and rib cage expand and recoil. E) Compliance is the ability of the lungs to expand. Resistance is the ability of the lungs to recoil.
In this sagittal section showing the upper respiratory tract, what number indicates a nasal concha?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5