During which decade did criminologists reconsider the idea of retribution and advance new formations beyond the general thought of retribution as vengeance?
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s
Ans: C
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The Federal Probation System was ________
a. mandated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Ex Parte United States in 1916 b. adopted in 1909 from correctional practices developed by the U.S. Military Judicial System c. established by the executive order of President Eisenhower in 1954 d. authorized by the National Probation Act of 1925
________ is an assault that is committed with the intention of committing an additional crime
A) False arrest B) Aggravated assault C) Battery D) Simple assault
The power of a court to hear and decide cases in a specific geographical area or to deal with a specific subject is called: a. jurisdiction
b. judicial review. c. appellate authority. d. stare decisis.
The average gang member is ____________ years old
a. 13-14 b. 15-16 c. 17-18 d. 19-20