In a study of fourth graders, children who were either experts or novices in knowledge of soccer were given lists of soccer and nonsoccer items to learn. Experts remembered far more items on the soccer list (but not the nonsoccer list), indicating that ________.
A. children with good working memories will be more successful at memory tasks even if they lack background knowledge of the subject
B. highly knowledgeable children organize information in their area of expertise with little or no effort
C. having background knowledge about a subject requires the dedication of working memory capacity that cannot be used for other purposes
D. semantic memory capacity and information processing compete for the same resources
Answer: B
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When Donovan was four years old, he was startled and began to cry when a car backfired just as he was walking past a fire hydrant. As an adult, Donovan is still fearful of fire hydrants and avoids walking near them. Based on principles of classical conditioning, Donovan's current fear of fire hydrants is
a. an unconditioned response. b. a result of observational learning. c. a conditioned response. d. a result of counterconditioning.
Suree is studying to be a clinical psychologist from an accredited program. She will learn that, with respect to bias in diagnosing clients, ____
a. mental health practitioners are not immune from inheriting the prejudicial attitudes and stereotypes of the larger society b. psychologists are less likely than other mental health professionals to overpathologize clients on the basis of race, gender, or social class c. clinical psychologists receive better training than other mental health professionals for recognizing their tendency to hold prejudicial attitudes toward clients d. mental health professionals are more likely to hold prejudicial attitudes and biases against males than against females
A series of small strokes or a temporary blockage in blood flow leading to the brain is a condition known as ____
a. a specific medical condition b. transient ischemic attack c. spatial-visual neglect d. cerebral laceration
According to Gordon Allport, cardinal traits are:
a. personality traits that dominate an individual's life b. a small set of descriptive traits that can be used to accurately describe an individual c. less obvious personality traits that do not always appear in an individual's behavior d. three basic personality factors that exist in all individuals