When we eat the same food a lot during a meal, the sensory stimulation is reduced by the food's repeated presentation and we stop eating. This is explained by the concept of:
a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. orienting
d. habituation
D
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In a large Austin inner-city high school, the student density is low because it's in a low-income neighborhood which many families have moved away from. In another high school, located in a small, middle-class Austin suburb, the high school is terribly over-full (it has a very high density) due to an influx of families moving out of the city. Research shows that the low-density, inner-city school has a significantly higher incidence of truancy, violence, and drop-outs. How would John B. Calhoun's study of density, crowding, and deviancy apply to these differences?
A. It would not apply very well, because this example demonstrates how factors other than density and crowding can explain deviant behavior. B. It would show that even though the inner-city school is less crowded, its density is still creating problematic behaviors. C. It would illustrate how we cannot study crowding and density separately but must always consider both at once. D. It would demonstrate that the effects of crowding and density only occur in low-income areas.
In which research design are age differences and cohort differences hopelessly tangled?
a. Cross-cultural b. Cross-sectional c. Longitudinal d. Sequential
Which statement is the best representation of the impact that Sigmund Freud has had?
A. Freud himself recanted most of his theories shortly before his own death, and the result is that his ideas never advanced beyond his own time. B. His theories have never gained universal acceptance, but they have had wide-ranging influence in psychology and other fields. C. Freud's model was seen as too progressive for his time, and had very little influence on psychology or other disciplines. D. Freud's concepts have the distinction of having the greatest research support of all of psychology's various ideas.
When Brittany gets on a boat, she gets really nervous. When Christina gets on a boat, she feels relaxed and happy. According to the text, why might they have different reactions to the same situation?
a. They have different genes. b. They had different experiences on boats before. c. Christina knows relaxation techniques, but Brittany doesn't. d. Brittany is just scared of everything.