How is breathing rate regulated in humans before and during physical exercise?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Signals from interneurons in the medulla produce breathing movement. These signals
stimulate inhalation by causing the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles to
contract, which expands the chest cavity and produces an inhalation. In rest, the signals are
turned off as the lungs become moderately full. Together these signals create breathing
rhythm. However, during exercise, which requires increased oxygen, some ventral neurons
send signals that stimulate the abdominal and internal intercostal muscles to contract,
therefore causing active exhalation.
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The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the _____
A) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane B) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane C) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane D) hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window E) hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons, leading to the auditory section of the brain
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The term hypocotyl refers to the portion of an embryonic stem located below the attachment of the cotyledons. 2. The seed coat often restrains embryos from growing and prevents the entry of water and oxygen to the seed. 3. An understanding of the role of abscisic acid (ABA) could help better understand why some seeds need light in order to germinate. 4. In some plants a fruit is composed of the ovary and other plant parts.
Astronauts returning to Earth from an extended stay in space have to be extremely careful not to break a bone. It takes several weeks to restore normal bone strength. Which would be the best regimen to rebuild the lost bone tissue?
A) Stay inactive, avoiding exercise until the lost bone tissue is rebuilt. B) Start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight lifting in the gym. C) Hit the gym and get going with a few weeks of heavy weight lifting. D) Several weeks of swimming will rebuild all lost bone mass.
Which is false concerning REM sleep behavior disorder?
-like sleepwalking, Rem sleep behavior disorder is more common in the children -males are more effected than females -dreams that end up being enacted are altered and more threatening -after being awakened, individuals are able to recall and describe vivid dreams