In developing role behavior, the child learns which of the following through substitution?
1. Internalizing beliefs and values of role models
2. Refraining from behavior even though tempted
3. Avoiding unacceptable behavior because it is punished
4. Engaging in an acceptable behavior instead of another unacceptable one
ANS: 4
In the process of substitution, an individual replaces one behavior with another that provides the same personal gratification. The child has learned to substitute one behavior for another for a positive outcome. In the process of identification, an individual internalizes the beliefs, behavior, and values of role models into a personal, unique expression of self. In the process of inhibition, an individual learns to refrain from behaviors, even when tempted to engage in them. Avoiding unacceptable behavior because it is punished is seen in the process of reinforcement-extinction.
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