Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
a. retention of metabolic acids.
b. hypoaldosteronism.
c. excessive loss of chloride (Cl).
d. hyperventilation.
ANS: C
When acid loss is caused by vomiting, renal compensation is not very effective because loss of Cl stimulates renal retention of bicarbonate, leading to alkalosis. Retention of metabolic acids would lead to acidosis, not alkalosis. Hypoaldosteronism leads to hyponatremia and does not cause al-kalosis. Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic alkalosis.
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