Define utilitarianism and its two types. How does this theory differ from the casuist ethical theory?
What will be an ideal response?
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that the choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people is the choice that is ethically correct. The two types of utilitarianism are rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism is founded on the ability to predict the consequences of an action. Someone adhering to act utilitarianism will make the choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people, regardless of personal feeling or social constraints. Rule utilitarianism takes into account the law and is concerned with fairness. A rule utilitarianist seeks to benefit the most people but though the fairest and most just means available. Rule utilitarianism values justice and doing good at the same time.
Casuist ethical theory compares a current ethical dilemma with examples of similar ethical dilemmas and their outcomes. This allows one to determine the severity of the situation and to create the best possible solution according to others' experiences.
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What will be an ideal response?