When the absence of a drug creates a craving to satisfy a physiological or psychological need, that is a sign of drug

use.
abuse.
addiction.
overdose.


addiction.

Psychology

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Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called

a. modeling. b. shaping. c. discrimination. d. learning.

Psychology

In addition to seeking the relaxation produced by alcohol, early humans might have turned to fermented beverages as a ____

a. ?ceremonial religious rite b. ?primitive surgical anesthetic c. ?safety precaution against contaminated water d. ?tool to promote social bonding

Psychology

Having a sense of yourself as male or female is best described as your gender _______________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Psychology

Which Christian theologian was not afraid to correct errors he found in Aristotle’s natural philosophy, or to promote empirical methods of learning?

a. Anselm c. Albert the Great b. Peter Abelard d. Thomas Aquinas

Psychology