A pediatric nurse, teaching new parents about the body's structural defenses against respiratory infections, explains that pathogens are "swept" away from the lungs by the:
1. cilia.
2. mucous membranes.
3. vestibule.
4. internal nares.
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: The cilia project from the epithelium of the nasal passages and sweep pathogens and particulate matter upward toward the oropharynx, where it is swallowed.
Rationale 2: The mucous membranes secrete mucus that traps foreign particles, but they do not sweep them out.
Rationale 3: The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity.
Rationale 4: The internal nares are the cavity located behind the nasal cavity.
Global Rationale: The mucous membranes of the URT are lined with ciliated epithelium. The cilia projecting from the epithelium are found throughout the nasal passages and help to trap smaller particles. The cilia have a wavelike motion that sweeps the pathogens and particulate matter upward toward the oropharynx, where they are swallowed when a person coughs or clears the throat. A sneeze clears the nasal passages. The mucous membranes secrete mucus that traps foreign particles, but they do not sweep them out. The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. The internal nares are the cavity located behind the nasal cavity.
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