During the first year of life, the brain and nervous system grow very quickly. Define the
following processes of brain development in infancy: synaptogenesis, pruning, plasticity,
myelinization.
What role does the environment play in brain development?
What will be an ideal response?
1. Synaptogenesis – the formation of new synapses,the connection between neurons. Many, occurs in
spurts, continues throughout life-span, but most dramatic during infancy.
2. pruning – purging or destruction of unused synapses; permits efficiency; smooth muscle movement.
3. plasticity – changes can be made as a result of exposure to environmental agents.
4. myelinization – myelin (fatty) sheaths (covers) insulate axons; allow for efficiency and increase
speed of neural impulses; most rapid during first two years of life. Environmental agents can enhance
or limit brain and nervous system development. Sufficient human stimulation and consistent care-
giving can enhance; poor nutrition, lack of stimulation or other environmental toxins such as lead can
limit.
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a. cognitive dissonance c. central b. peripheral d. compliance
In his philosophy, Spinoza equated God and ____ as one substance
a. the Trinity c. the natural world b. humankind d. the mind
Some research questions cannot be answered using human experiments because
a. some studies would be impractical or unethical. b. randomization is often hard to achieve. c. double-blind studies are usually dangerous to participants. d. researchers know that their results usually will not be published. e. they are not a very effective way to learn about cause and effect relationships.
The importance of birth order was discussed by
A) Horney. B) Erikson. C) Adler. D) Jung. E) Freud.