Which of the following is a difference between flooding and systematic desensitization?
A. Flooding involves heavy exposure to a feared object, whereas systematic desensitization involves gradually making a person less sensitive to the feared object.
B. Flooding involves three levels of exposure to a phobic object, whereas systematic desensitization involves daily exercises in noticing and finding things in life for which one is grateful and thankful.
C. Flooding focuses on changing behavior rather than thoughts, feelings, or motives, whereas systematic desensitization focuses on eliminating undesirable behaviors and increasing the frequency of desirable ones.
D. Flooding focuses on pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to a phobic object, whereas systematic desensitization focuses on subjecting a client to experience extreme exposure to a phobic object.
Answer: A
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a. when there are an infinite number of possible solutions b. when it is necessary to produce an answer that is extremely precise c. when there are no time constraints for finding a solution to the problem d. when the problem involves mathematical calculations
To become a better "eyewitness" to life, you should do all of the following EXCEPT
a. seek out-of-the-ordinary experiences. b. increase your perceptual sets. c. engage in reality testing. d. pay attention to other people and your surroundings.
A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement involves giving reinforcement:
A) on the first response after a varied amount of time has elapsed. B) on the first response after a specific amount of time has elapsed. C) after a specific number of responses have been completed. D) after a varied number of responses have been completed.
Cognitivism
a. developed as a reaction to Watson and Skinner. b. had its beginnings with Hebb and Tolman. c. began about the same time as behaviorism. d. is a result of the evolution of learning theory from behavior to higher mental processes.