Which pharmacokinetic parameter is affected most by decreased intestinal motility related to the aging process?
a. Absorption
b. Distribution
c. Metabolism
d. Excretion
A
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A Correct. Decreased intestinal motility increases the amount of time a substance remains in contact with the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine, where most absorption takes place. With increased exposure, absorption can be increased and the drug effect enhanced. Many medications taken by older adults can also decrease intestinal motility, thereby complicating the titration of medications or introducing new adverse effects through drug-drug interactions.
B Incorrect. Decreased body water leads to higher serum concentrations of wa-ter-soluble drugs, increased body fat increases the longevity of fat-soluble drugs, and decreased serum albumin increases the serum concentration of serum pro-tein–bound drugs.
C Incorrect. Reduced liver mass and hepatic dysfunction can impair oxidative me-tabolism, which can lead to an accumulation of toxic levels of a drug.
D Incorrect. Impaired renal function can impair excretion of drugs through the kidney.
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