Describe the key concepts in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Key concepts in Vygotsky's theory include the zone of proximal development and scaffolding. The zone of proximal development (ZPD) refers to a range of tasks that a child can carry out with the help of someone who is more skilled, as in an apprenticeship. In Vygotsky's theory, teachers and parents provide children with problem-solving methods that serve as cognitive scaffolding while the child gains the ability to function independently.
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Children who demonstrate resilience in response to maltreatment show __________.
A. the ability to bounce back from stress and maltreatment B. daily cortisol levels that cannot change C. inability to recover from stress and maltreatment D. no ability to respond to positive influences in the environment, such as a relationship with a supportive adult
Wei-Shin was mugged while he was walking across campus alone one evening. The event left him with his wallet and identity stolen, and a broken nose and rib. Wei-Shin thinks to himself, "What kind of world is this, where someone will mug a poor college student?" Wei-Shin is having trouble coping because this traumatic event has challenged his ____
a. attitude accessibility b. downward comparisons c. assumptive worlds d. attitude-behavior consistency
The analysis of variance assumes that
a. the populations have no variance. b. the samples have equal variances. c. the populations have equal variances. d. the variances are normally distributed.
Marjorie is in her seventh month of pregnancy with her first child. Which of the following is true regarding the child’s development??
a. ?It started having measurable REM sleep about three months ago. b. ?It has not yet had any exposure to food preferences. c. ?It is already within the range of a full-term birth. d. ?It can hear and recognize Marjorie’s voice.