Define the terms triploidy and autosomal trisomy and describe characteristics and consequences of each genetic disorder
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The most common form of polyploidy in humans is triploidy. Triploidy occurs when the chromosomal number is three times the haploid number. Triploid newborns have multiple abnormalities, including an enlarged head fused fingers and toes, and malformations of the mouth, eyes, and genitals. The high rate of embryonic death and failure to survive after birth indicates that triploidy is a lethal condition. Most autosomal trisomies, a type of aneuploidy usually caused by nondisjunction, are lethal during prenatal development and account for up to 50% of the chromosomal abnormalities seen in miscarriages. Only a few autosomal trisomies result in live births. Down syndrome, trisomy 21, is the only autosomal trisomy that allows survival into adulthood.
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The most common source(s) of infection in the central nervous system (CNS) is(are):
a. hematogenous spread. b. infections at other sites such as otitis me-dia. c. organisms gaining access because of ana-tomic defects in CNS structures. d. bacteria that are able to travel along nerves leading to the brain.
In a medical emergency, when an individual has stopped breathing on their own, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation can be administered while waiting for the arrival of EMTs, in order to increase that individual’s odds of survival. In order to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, air from a conscious individual’s lungs is forced into the lungs of the unconscious individual. What effect does this have?
a. Forcing air into the unconscious individual’s lungs triggers the sympathetic breathing reflex, whereby the lungs ”remember” to start breathing again. b. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation prevents the unconscious individual from exhaling their residual volume, which would cause the lungs to collapse and lead to inevitable death. c. Some residual oxygen from the conscious individual’s lungs diffuses into the unconscious individual’s blood, and the increased pressure forces some CO2 saturated air out of their lungs. d. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation keeps the alveoli of the lungs moist and warm, allowing the lungs to continue exchanging gases with the atmosphere on a passive but adequate level.
The neurotoxin that Taricha spp. possess to ward off predators is
A) TTG. B) taricha venom. C) tetrodotoxin. D) thamnophis poison.
What is the connection between the work of Mary Lyon and Murray Barr?
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