According to a study completed by Violanti and Aron, the most potent stressor indicated by police officers was:
A) A physical attack. B) A battered child.
C) A fellow officer being killed. D) The killing of someone in the line of duty.
D
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It is not enough to establish a legal justification for punishment; society must also establish the ______ justification for it.
a. cost-benefit b. public c. moral d. historical
_______perform a valuable function; they reinforce the notion that a crime is an offense against the state
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Which of the following prison security types has the characteristics of constant surveillance, confinement for 23–24 hr per day, and no access to recreational, educational, religious, or treatment activities?
A. super-maximum B. maximum security C. medium security D. minimum security
Japanese cultural patterns downplay the role of individuals and the result is a legal system with particular characteristics. Which of the following is seen as resulting especially from the de-emphasis of individuals?
a. Informality b. Formality c. Punitiveness d. Forgiveness