N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors:
A. Are involved in long-term potentiation.
B. Bind glutamate.
C. Have been implicated in pathologic changes in the nervous system.
D. A, B, and C
E. None of the above
ANS: D
Rationale: The ligand-gated ion channels that bind glutamate are alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), kainate, and NMDA receptors. The NMDA receptor is unique because glutamate must be bound to the receptor and, simultaneously, the membrane must depolarize to open the ion channel. Thus the NMDA receptor is both voltage- and ligand-gated. Activation of an NMDA receptor causes the associated channel to open and close very slowly, resulting in prolonged ionic changes inside the postsynaptic neuron. This produces long-term potentiation (LTP), a prolonged increase in the size of the postsynaptic response to a given stimulus. Abnormal NMDA receptor activity has been implicated in epilepsy, chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and schizophrenia
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