Where is the centromere found?
a. position where metaphase chromosomes align
b. location where the mitotic spindle forms
c. central region of a chromosome where the spindle microtubules attach
d. location where chromosomes cluster during telophase
e. center of the cell where the nucleus is found during prophase
ANSWER: c
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Which of the following primary immunodeficiencies is the most common?
A. Severe combined immunodeficiency B. Selective IgA deficiency C. Agammaglobulinemia D. Di George's syndrome
Patients are instructed to collect sputum specimens in such a way as to minimize contamination with normal microbiota from the mouth. A sputum specimen has arrived in the clinical laboratory and a Gram-stained smear of the specimen reveals a mixture of Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative cocci, and Gram-positive bacilli as well as numerous squamous epithelial cells.This result indicates
A. a poor quality specimen of primarily saliva and oropharyngeal microbiota. B. that the specimen has been properly collected and is representative of sputum. C. that the patient has bacterial pneumonia rather than viral pneumonia. D. that the patient has a pneumonia caused by a mixture of different bacteria.
Researchers studying the rigidity and flexibility of the cell envelope used chemotaxis to measure the ability of microbes to squeeze through tight spaces. E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium, was able to traverse narrower channels than B. subtilis, a gram-positive microbe, even though both cells are the same size when grown without restriction. E. coli has the more flexible cell envelope because
A. it has only a single membrane. B. lipopolysaccharide has no charge. C. it has fewer flagella. D. there is less structural carbohydrate. E. there are fewer protein receptors.
In the accompanying figure, the basilar membrane is labeled as:
a. 4. b. 5. c. 6. d. 7. e. 8.