While interviewing a compulsive gambler 45 years of age, the woman blames her loss of job, estrangement from spouse, and lack of friends on destiny. The nurse interprets this information as indicative of which aspect of altered self-concept?
A) Self-care deficit
B) Self-destructive behavior
C) Behavioral changes
D) Anxiety and depression
Ans: B
Self-destructive behaviors are addictive, giving immediate gratification only. The client is bound to gambling because of the temporary gratification it provides. She is unable to see the cause-and-effect relationship between her addiction and her current situation due to her self-concept dysfunction. Self-care deficit may manifest as disregard for special diet restriction, refusal to take medication, or missing follow-up appointments. Behavioral changes indicating self-concept dysfunction include lack of interest in activities, inability to make decisions, withdrawal from social situations, isolation, refusal to look in the mirror, refusal to look at an affected body part or discuss a limitation, avoidance of responsibility, show of hostility toward others, refusal to make eye contact, and negative verbalizations about self. Anxiety and depression are psychological manifestations of self-concept dysfunction.
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