Which is a true statement?
a. Urine flow gradually decreases in old age.
b. Elders generally need less fluid than younger people because of their lower body water content.
c. Urine specific gravity and skin turgor can be used to diagnose dehydration in elders and in younger people.
d. Multiple physiological changes of aging place elders at greater risk of dehydration than middle-aged persons or children.
D
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A Incorrect. Urine flow does not diminish in old age. Specifically, it does not di-minish in the presence of dehydration as it does in a younger patient.
B Incorrect. Lower body water content puts an older patient at greater risk of de-hydration, not less.
C Incorrect. These signs are less reliable in old age because of changes to the tis-sues.
D Correct. Loss of water-containing tissues, loss of concentrating power in the kidney, and decreased sense of thirst all increase an older person's risk for de-hydration.
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