Centali is a ten-year-old student who was born in Mexico and does not speak English fluently. Centali is a recent arrival to the Sheebe County School system and has been placed in the fourth grade. Assessment reveals that Centali has a receptive and expressive vocabulary of 1,000 words. He uses very short phrases to express his thoughts and can respond to simple question. Which stage of second-language acquisition does this reflect?
A. Speech emergence
B. Advanced language proficiency
C. Intermediate language proficiency
D. Early production
Answer: D
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What is an adult relying on when he encourages two angry children to pound the clay rather than each other?
What will be an ideal response?
Assessment of a student with behavior disorders
a. is usually done only by a physician. b. rarely includes information from a family member. c. increasingly depends on rating scales and observations. d. is typically done prior to school entry.
Which of the following best describes the key difference between reinforcement and punishment?
a. Reinforcement is only ever used for desirable behaviors; punishment is only ever used for undesirable behaviors. b. Reinforcement should be used sparingly; punishment should be used regularly. c. Reinforcement is used to increase the frequency of a behavior; punishment is used to decrease the frequency of a behavior. d. Reinforcement increases the frequency of desired behaviors using rewards; punishment increases the frequency of desired behaviors by using undesired consequences.
These testing instruments are designed to measure skills believed to be related to school learning tasks and predictive of school success:
a. Standardized tests b. Standards-based tests c. Readiness tests d. Portfolio tests