Explain the circumstances under which encoding specificity can be helpful and when it is not. For those situations in which it is not helpful, provide some suggestions in terms of what can be done to minimize the effects
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The results of various experiments on retrieval suggest that how items are encoded has a strong effect both on how, and on how well, items are retrieved. This relationship is called encoding specificity—what is recalled depends on what is encoded. To the extent that the context under which information must be recalled is the context in which it was learned, it is helpful. To the extent that the information in learned and recalled in markedly different contexts, specificity may harm performance. This can be overcome by learning material in the context in which it will be recalled.
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a. True b. False
In their comprehensive study of language development in professional, working-class, and low-income families, Hart and Risley (1995) found that:
a. children from lower-income families have bigger expressive vocabularies IF their family speaks more than one language at home. b. children with higher IQs had bigger vocabularies than children with lower IQs, regardless of family socioeconomic status. c. the greatest predictor of a child's vocabulary at age 3 is the socioeconomic status of the child's family. d. vocabulary growth is most strongly associated with exposure to adult language during the infant and toddler years.
One strategy for maintaining a productive classroom environment is to keep students productively engaged at all times. Three of the following practices reflect this strategy. Which one does not reflect this strategy?
a. Mr. Aguilar keeps his art lesson moving along at a steady pace. b. Ms. Barnard takes time out from her math lesson to help Sam with a difficult concept until he thoroughly understands it. c. Ms. Cunitz makes sure that all the equipment students need for their science lab is ready for them before they arrive. d. Mr. Dunbar plans several simple activities for his students on their first day of kindergarten.
What is the difference between an AT device and an AT service according to the definitions in IDEA 2004 and the Assistive Technology Act of 2004?
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