A 7-year-old presents to the clinic with an exacerbation of asthma symptoms. On physical exam, the nurse would expect which of the following findings? Select all that apply
1. Wheezing
2. Increased tactile fremitus
3. Decreased vocal resonance
4. Decreased tactile fremitus
5. Bronchophony
1, 3, 4
Rationale:
1. Wheezing is caused by air passing through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway, which is a condition present in asthma exacerbations.
2. An increase in tactile fremitus is indicative of pneumonia.
3. Asthma causes a decreased vocal resonance, as edema makes it more difficult for the sound to project.
4. The air trapping in the lungs that occurs with asthma causes a decrease in the sensation of vibrations or a decreased tactile fremitus.
5. Bronchophony is an increase in the intensity and clarity of transmitted sounds that also is indicative of pneumonia.
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