L.C.'s wife asks you, "How do the doctors know he really has Parkinson disease? They never
did a lot of tests on him." How is PD diagnosed?
What will be an ideal response?
Because there are no diagnostic tests specific for PD, the diagnosis is based on interpretation of a
range of clinical findings. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, for example, can be helpful
in the differential diagnosis. An MRI might show brain damage in a patient with Parkinson-like
symptoms, but an MRI will be normal for patients who actually have PD. The only definitive proof
of PD is dopamine cell loss and eosinophilic cytoplasmic Lewy bodies. These changes can only be
observed at autopsy.
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After teaching a group of students about the stages of general anesthesia, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as characteristic of the first stage?
A) Delirium B) Analgesia C) Respiratory paralysis D) Excitement
The patient asks why she has been having urinary tract infections (UTIs) more frequently since becoming pregnant. The nurse explains that which of the following factor(s) predispose(s) the pregnant patient to UTIs? (Select all that apply.)
a. Compression of the ureters b. Decreased urine flow to the bladder c. Increased surface area of the bladder d. Relaxation of the bladder muscle e. Glycosuria favoring bacterial growth f. Increased thirst
A female twelfth-grade student has been missing school, and friends report she has been depressed since receiving a failing grade on a test and that she has been using alcohol and cocaine
These behaviors have been demonstrated to be risk factors for: a. obesity b. foreclosure c. suicide attempts d. self-efficacy
When using a hydraulic mechanical lift,
A. two or more nursing assistants are needed. B. place the chair at right angles to the foot of the bed facing the foot of the bed. C. place the sling under the patient's buttocks and legs. D. leave the door to the room open, in case help is needed.