In designing a program to reduce pessimistic thinking among inner city children, you might include all of the following EXCEPT
a. Comic books that model logical arguments against negative thoughts in the face of difficulty.
b. Group discussions about how futile it is to try to change one’s way of thinking and about learning to accept thoughts as they role through the mind.
c. Videos that model children choosing thoughts that are more optimistic in nature.
d. Role-playing games in which children consider the power of beliefs to alter how they feel.
Answer: b: Group discussions about how futile it is to try to change one’s way of thinking and about learning to accept thoughts as they role through the mind.
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Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk." Surprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out that the container was filled with orange juice instead. Maria likes orange juice, so why did she have such a negative reaction to it? Her response was most affected by
A. reception of the stimulus. B. bottom-up processing. C. top-down processing. D. focused attention.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Extinction in operant conditioning involves _________________
A) negative reinforcement B) positive reinforcement C) punishment D) withholding reinforcement
Laney, a four-year-old child, is working on a puzzle. Her father is helping her. Laney will be able to complete the puzzle better all by herself next time if her father ___ this time
a. provides as little help as possible b. is sensitive to her skill level when helping c. demonstrates how to solve the puzzle d. none of the above