Superstitious behaviors are
a. repeated because they appear to produce reinforcement.
b. necessary to produce response-contingent reinforcement.
c. observed in animals, but not people.
d. characterized by all of these.
A
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In contrast to children with ASD, children formerly diagnosed with Asperger's disorder ____
a. do not display social impairments b. do not display restricted interests c. display normal intellectual abilities d. display less language delay
If a response is followed by an unpleasant effect or discomfort, the response behavior will be suppressed. This is an example of
a. nonreinforcement. b. aversive shaping. c. punishment. d. extinction.
The problem with self-estimates of the time and effort required to solve a problem or do a task:
a. our tendency to be pessimistic. b. our tendency to think of our best self-effort. c. our use of past performances to estimate difficulty and time. d. our use of others as markers of difficulty and effort.
During middle toddlerhood, more children have received ____ and their _____ stronger, which contributes to a lower death rate
a. vitamin B; lungs are b. calcium; heart is c. immunizations; immune system is d. viral infections; muscles are