Describe the body's mechanism for regulating water excretion
Water excretion is regulated by the brain and the kidneys. The cells of the brain's hypothalamus, which monitor blood salts, stimulate the pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) whenever the salts are too concentrated, or the blood volume or blood pressure is too low. ADH stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it. Thus, the more water you need, the less you excrete. If too much water is lost from the body, blood volume and blood pressure fall. Cells in the kidneys respond to the low blood pressure by releasing renin. Through a complex series of events involving the hormone aldosterone, this enzyme also causes the kidneys to retain more water. Again, the effect is that, when more water is needed, less is excreted.
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