A 3-month old infant presents with vomiting and diarrhea. The infant appears to be drowsy; his pulse rate is 180 beats/min; and he has had a dry diaper for the past 3 hours. The nurse suspects the patient has developed
a. mild dehydration. c. a gastrointestinal virus.
b. moderate dehydration. d. severe dehydration.
D
Severe dehydration: The child is drowsy, limp, cold, and sweaty, and the extremities may be cyanotic. The patient has a rapid or feeble pulse that is sometimes difficult to palpate and has respirations that are deep and a rate that is rapid; these are signs of hypotensive shock. The fontanel is very sunken; urine is not excreted for several hours, and no tears are evident; and the eyes are very sunken. Moderate dehydration: The child is thirsty, restless, lethargic, and irritable; has a rapid or weak pulse; has respirations that may be deep, and the rate may be rapid; has a sunken fontanel; and has normal or low blood pressure. The skin retracts slowly when pinched, mucous membranes are dry, and urine is dark and the amount reduced. Mild dehydration: The child is restless, thirsty, and alert; has a normal pulse rate and strength; and has normal blood pressure, respiratory rate, and fontanels. The skin readily retracts when pinched, mucous membranes are moist, and urine output is normal.
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A. Seborrheic keratosis B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Melanoma D. Psoriasis