Define organizational culture, and explain three layers in which it appears. Choose an organization with which you have some experience (for example, an employer, one of your schools, your church, a club) and use it to illustrate the layers of culture.
What will be an ideal response?
The student should first define organizational culture and then provide examples for the visible and invisible levels of culture of the organization he or she chooses.
Organizational culture is the system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members.
Organizational culture appears as three layers: (1) observable artifacts, (2) espoused values, and (3) basic assumptions. Each level varies in terms of outward visibility and resistance to change, and each level influences another level.
At the most visible level, organizational culture is expressed in observable artifacts—physical manifestations such as manner of dress, awards, myths, and stories about the company, rituals and ceremonies, and decorations, as well as visible behavior exhibited by managers and employees.
Espoused values are the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization, as may be put forth by the firm's founder or top managers.
Basic assumptions, which are not observable, represent the core values of an organization's culture—those that are taken for granted and, as a result, are difficult to change.
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Stintson Corp. had agreed to create employee identity cards for McLaughlin Inc. for $60,000. Some of the cards delivered by Stintson Corp. had damages made during the lamination process. McLaughlin Inc. promised Stintson Corp. an additional $20,000 to replace the damaged identity cards, and Stintson Corp. did so. Then McLaughlin Inc. refused to pay Stintson Corp. more than $60,000 for the work. Which of the following statements is true of this situation?
A. Stintson Corp. would still be entitled only to $60,000 because such an act is new consideration that was provided to support the modification. B. Stintson Corp. is not entitled to any more than $60,000 for its work. C. Stintson Corp. is entitled to the additional $20,000 as legal value has nothing to do with adequacy of consideration. D. McLaughlin Inc. owes Stintson Corp. the additional $20,000.
Some of the current followership literature challenges us to take leadership ______.
A. to a global level B. in a new direction C. more seriously D. off its pedestal
Research has identified certain factors that characterize effective goals. Discuss the criteria for effective goals. Then, based upon this criteria, devise an effective goal for a business of your choice and an effective personal goal for yourself.
What will be an ideal response?
The cheapest business entity to form is typically the:
A) limited liability company. B) joint stock company. C) general partnership. D) limited partnership. E) sole proprietorship.