Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people
The night before a presentation he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?
a) inability to function normally and statistical rarity
b) personal distress and inability to function normally
c) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
d) deviance from social norms and personal distress
b
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You read about a group of people who riot after a soccer match. After studying collective behavior, you conclude
a. group processes, such as conformity and intergroup dynamics, likely triggered the incident. b. the group probably went mad. c. the group was probably normless. d. the members were like deindividuated.
Francesca does a pretty good job of completing spelling problems but does much better if she is given direction by her teacher. The difference between what Francesca can do alone and with assistance is best defined in terms of her a. orienting response
b. animism. c. one-to-one principle. d. zone of proximal development.
Tolman's experiments with rats and mazes strongly suggested that:
A) stimulus–response theories of learning were essentially correct. B) there is no functional difference between reinforcement and punishment. C) spatial learning is the primary form of learning in rats. D) there is a cognitive component to operant learning.
Of the following, which would a psychologist consider the best example of learning?
a. a young man's beard beginning to grow at age fifteen b. a woman experiencing labor pains c. salmon swimming upstream during the mating season d. a child being able to ride a bicycle