What strategies are used by the cell to make energetically unfavorable reactions occur?
What will be an ideal response?
The reaction can be coupled to a highly favorable reaction such as the hydrolysis of ATP. The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP then drives the less favorable reaction forward. A second strategy is to embed the unfavorable reaction in a metabolic pathway where it precedes a reaction having a high negative free energy. The highly favorable reaction consumes the product of the less favorable reaction which helps drive the first reaction forward.
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During fertilization, the acrosome _____
A) prevents polyspermy by releasing enzymes that destroy surrounding sperm B) digests the coatings surrounding the plasma membrane of the egg C) nourishes sperm mitochondria, increasing sperm motility D) injects the sperm nucleus into the egg during fertilization
The ocular (eyepiece) lens magnifies the image?
A. 10-fold B. 5-fold C. 15-fold D. 20-fold E. 25-fold
Nicotine from cigarette smoke acts as a ligand and associates with specific cells in the nervous system. Nicotine eventually produces feelings of pleasure and well-being. Below are the events that happen in the cellular response to nicotine
Place the events in the correct order to describe the five basic steps in the pathway of a signal transduction system (receptor binding, receptor activation, signal transduction and amplification, response, and termination). A) The acetylcholine receptor is an ion channel, and, when a ligand binds, the ion channel opens. B) An influx of ions causes an action potential, which carries the signal to the reward areas of the brain. C) Nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. D) The signal causes release of dopamine in the brain, which causes good feelings. E) Nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings). A. C, A, B, D, E B. A, D, B, C, E C. B, A, C, D, E D. C, D, B, A, E
Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result when which of the following couples have children?
A. An Rh (+) man and an Rh (+) woman B. An Rh (+) man and an Rh (-) woman C. An Rh (-) man and an Rh (+) woman D. An Rh (-) man and an Rh (-) woman E. All of the choices are correct