Outline the major arguments for and against the idea of patenting gene What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Patents are not granted for products of nature, meaning that genes inside the body are not
patentable. However, biotech companies have successfully argued that by removing a gene
from the human body, purifying it, and then obtaining its DNA sequence, they have created
something not found in nature, and which is therefore a patentable invention. Opponents
argue that genes are parts of our bodies and can be identified but not invented. Biotech
companies argue that without the protection offered by patents, they would have no incentive
for research and development of diagnostic tests.
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The seed coat of a pine seed
(a) is derived from the integuments. (b) is produced by the micropyle. (c) surrounds the male gametophyte. (d) is divided into the hypocotyl-root axis and epicotyl.
In two of Koch's postulates (#2 and #3), a pure culture of the organism is required. Which of the following would NOT be a possible consequence of using a contaminated culture?
A. You can't necessarily attribute the illness directly to the microbe in question-it may in fact be caused by the contaminating microbe. B. There's the possibility that the test animal might be acutely susceptible to the contaminating microbe, but completely resistant to the microbe you suspect causes the illness of interest. As such, when you introduce it into the test animal, it could confuse your final results. C. The problem is that one microbe may be toxic to the other. It may have killed all of your suspect microbe in the culture. Therefore, you can't be sure that you're infecting your test animals with the microbe you suspect is causing the illness, or if it's only the second (contaminating) microbe. D. Even though there's a contaminating microbe present, so long as the original suspect microbe is also present, the disease should still manifest in test animals. It should also still be recoverable from test animals following infection. As such, there's really no consequence to using a contaminated culture.
In mollusks, the folds of tissue that arise from the dorsal body wall and enclose a cavity surrounding the visceral mass are called the
A. foot. B. mantle. C. nephridia. D. radula. E. lophophore.
What type of statistical analysis is used to compare observed and expected results in order to evaluate the validity of an estimate based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
What will be an ideal response?