Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being __________________
a) extinguished, because he feels anxious after doing so
b) recovered spontaneously, because he will never get better
c) positively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
d) negatively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
ANS: D, The termination of a stimulus, in this case panic, is negative reinforcement.
You might also like to view...
The drop in self-esteem often found when children first enter middle school appears to be due to a. the acquisition of concrete operational thinking. b. peer comparisons
c. changes in ethnic identity. d. the illusion of invulnerability.
Which couple is most likely to have marital success?
a. Jennifer and Malu who come from happily married parental homes, are turning 21 this year, and enjoy teasing each other with sarcastic comments. b. Rebecca and Simon who are caring for an aging parent, have secure and flexible personalities, and are 28 and 30 years old. c. Casey and Jordan who come from happily married parental homes, are in their late 20s, and make it a point to be supportive and sharing in their communication. d. Hayley and Dylan who have been going together for three years, are supportive of each other, and are perfectionists.
In Pavlov’s experiments, what happened when he continued to present the CS but stopped presenting the US?
A. spontaneous recovery B. extinction C. discrimination D. generalization E. second-order conditioning
Which of the following did Tolman stress in his theory of incentive motivation?
a. a holistic point of view b. a reductionism viewpoint c. behaviorism in overt situations d. emotions