What adjustments should be made when working with older learners?
What will be an ideal response?
The following adjustments should be made when working with older learners:
• Time: Being farther behind, older students may need additional time, perhaps several years.
• Materials: Need mature, relevant materials, even if learning beginning phonics.
• Systematic instruction in strategies: Older students need to be taught strategies for learning to read and write in their content area subjects.
• Embedded instruction in learning strategies in all content areas: Coordinating with the language arts teacher, the reading coach, and other specialists, content-area teachers foster the skills and strategies struggling readers need to learn content.
Strategic tutoring: Students who are reading significantly below grade level-those who are still struggling with decoding skills and fluency, for instance-need intensive systematic intervention.
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Avoid using group work that requires students to get up and move their desks or tables into clusters
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
When teachers look for instructional materials when teaching phonological awareness, objects such as tiles, chips, and blocks offer students what level of support?
a. manipulatives to hold and move around b. physical representation of sounds c. objects to hold for attention purposes d. sensory materials
Approximately what percentage of the cases in a normal distribution fall between the z-scores + 1.96 and - 1.96?
a. 30% b. 99% c. 47% d. 95% e. 20%
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of recoding?
a. collapsing categories b. merging categories c. reverse coding values for a measure d. obtaining a total score for a measure