According to Skinner, parental disapproval of a child's behavior will:
a. foster the child's hostility and aggression.
b. inhibit the child's tendency to self-actualize.
c. lead to the cessation of that behavior.
d. reinforce the behavior.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: As the infant grows, the positively reinforced behaviors, those of which the parents approve, will persist, whereas those of which the parents disapprove will be extinguished or discontinued.
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In psychology, the term personality implies that individual patterns of behavior are both
a. universal and inherited. b. desirable and undesirable. c. unique and stable. d. complimentary and diverse.
Infants learn from parents that conversing involves taking turns when talking. This exemplifies a(n)
a. environmental/social support for language development. b. phenotypic expression of a canalized genotype. c. lexical contrast constraint. d. expression of grammatical morphemes.
Research on environmental influences on gender typing shows that preschool teachers __________
A) rarely act in ways that extend gender-role learning B) use more disapproval and controlling discipline with girls than with boys C) give girls more encouragement than boys to participate in adult-structured activities D) tend to negotiate and create plans for improving behavior more with boys than with girls
S. is from a traditional culture where medical remedies for infant illness are scarce. He wants to do anything possible to protect his infant son, so he would be LEAST LIKELY to ______________
a. keep a knife near the baby to warn the witches and evil spirits b. hold him as much as possible so that he never touches the ground c. cover him with cloth while outside so the spirits are unaware that he is there d. adore the baby and give him a nickname such as "King"